THE INFALLIBLE TEACHING OF THE ROMAN PONTIFF Councils, especially those in which the East met the that none may try the ruling of the Apostolic See, and their flocks ; or who make this communion sub- the faithful, and that in all causes which may be de- clared that supreme teaching power is included in the the Roman Pontiff is set over the universal Church, we also teach and declare that he is the supreme judge of Apostolic primacy, which the Roman Pontiff, as the practice of the Church confirms, and the oecumenical cided by the Church one may appeal to his ruling, but authority higher than that of the Roman Pontiff. is permissible to appeal from the judgments of the communion between the supreme head and the pastors servient to the secular power, contending that what is whose authority has no superior. Whence they have strayed from the right path of truth who hold that it Roman Pontiffs to an oecumenical Council, as to an secular power. for the government of the Church, has neither force And since by the divine right of the Apostolic primacy 72 ROMAN CATHOLICISM West in the bond of faith and charity, have de- nor value unless it be confirmed by the consent of the Further, this Holy See has ever held, the constant settled by the Apostolic See, or under its authority, [Chap. 3.]